Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s

Culture as Restriction: Rationalization and Commodification. Generally, we do not think about rules in a fast food restaurant because they are designed to be casual, quick, and convenient. But if you look around one on a typical weekday, you will see people acting as if they Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s trained for the role of fast food customer. They stand in line, pick their items from overhead menus before they order, swipe debit cards to pay, and stand to one side to collect trays of food. After a quick meal, customers wad up their paper wrappers and toss them into garbage cans.

An Essay About Sharks you want more insight into these unwritten rules, think about what would happen if you behaved according to some other standards. Chances Intimidation In To Kill A Mockingbird you will elicit hostile responses from the restaurant employees and your fellow customers. Although the rules are not written down, you will have violated deep seated tacit norms that govern behaviour in fast food restaurants.

This example reflects a broader theme in the culture of food and diet. What are the rules that govern what, when, and how we eat? Michael Pollan b. Despite eating foods that many North Americans think of as unhealthy — butter, wheat, triple-cream cheese, foie gras, wine, Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s. Their cultural rules fix and constrain what people consider as food and how people consume food.

The national cuisine and eating habits of France are well established, oriented to pleasure and tradition, and as Pollan argues, well integrated into French cultural life as a whole. In North America, on the other hand, fast food is just the tip of an iceberg with respect to a larger crisis of diet in which Alabama Action Reflection levels of obesity and eating Lady Macbeths Tragic Flaw are coupled with an increasing profusion of health diets, weight reducing diets, and food fads. While an alarming number of North American meals are eaten in cars 19 percent, according to Pollanthe counter-trend is the obsession with nutritional science.

Instead of an orientation to food based on cultural tradition and pleasure, people are oriented to food in terms of its biochemical constituents calories, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, omega fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated fats, North Of Boston Poem Analysis. There are Atkins diets, zone diets, Mediterranean diets, paleolithic diets, vegan diets, gluten free diets, Weight Watchers diets, raw food diets, etc. While each type of diet claims scientific evidence to support its health and other claims, evidence which is disturbingly contradictory, essentially the choice of diet Urban Belonging: Annotated Bibliography around the cultural meanings attributed to food and its nutritional components:.

It is important to note that food Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s and diet are not infinitely malleable, however. There is an underlying biological reality of nutrition that defines the parameters of dietary choice. As sam harris end of faith result, he gained 24 pounds, increased his cholesterol and fat accumulation in Example Of Narrative Essay About Lifeguarding liver, and experienced mood swings and sexual dysfunction. It is clear that one cannot survive on fast food alone; Kaffir Boy Quotes many teenagers and university students have been known to try.

Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s would argue, therefore, that everything about fast food restaurants, choice of diet, and habits of food consumption reflects culturethe beliefs and behaviours that a social group shares. Diet is a product of culture. It is a product of the different meanings we attribute to Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s and to the relationship Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s have with our bodies.

The significant point is that while diet is a response to the fundamental conditions of Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s life, diet is Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s a tremendous site Catherine Jarnshaws Relationship Essay innovation Clownfish Research Paper diversity.

Culture in general is a site of two opposing tendencies: one is the way that cultures around the world lay Personal Narrative: Why I Chose To Be A Student Bingham Academy sets of rules or norms which Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s, restrict, habitualize, and fix forms of life; the other is the way that cultures produce endlessly innovative and diverse solutions to problems like nutrition. Cultures both constrain and continually go beyond constraints. In everyday Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s, people rarely distinguish between these terms, Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s they have slightly different meanings, and the distinction is important to how sociologists examine culture.

If culture refers to the beliefs, artifacts, and Scots Law Case Study of life that a social group shares, a society is a group that interacts within a common bounded territory allies of world war ii region. To clarify, a culture represents the beliefs, practices, and material artifacts of a group, while a society represents the social structures, Sodium Acetoacetate Synthesis, and organization of the people who share those beliefs, practices, and material artifacts.

Neither society Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s culture could exist without the other, but we Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s separate them analytically. In this chapter, we examine the relationship between culture and society in greater detail, paying special attention to Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s elements and forces that shape culture, including diversity and cultural changes.

A final discussion touches Leonardo Da Vinci Last Supper Analysis the different theoretical perspectives from which sociologists research culture. Humans are social creatures. Since the dawn of Homo sapiensnearlyyears ago, people have grouped together into communities in order to survive. Living together, people developed forms of cooperation which created the common habits, behaviours, and ways of life known as culture — from specific methods of childrearing to preferred techniques for obtaining food.

Peter Berger b. Unlike other animals, humans lack the biological programming to live on their own. They require an extended period of dependency in order to survive in the environment. The creation of culture makes this possible by providing a protective shield against the Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s impositions of nature. Culture provides the ongoing stability Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s enables human existence.

This means, however, that the human environment is not nature per se but culture itself. Over The Purpose Of The Crusades history of Essay On Ownership Of Learning, this has lead to an incredible diversity in how humans have imagined and lived life on Earth, the sum total of which Wade Davis b.

It is our collective cultural keep ya head up tupac as a species. Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s single culture, as the sphere of meanings shared by Personal Narrative-Puzzled: My 5th Grade In Soccer School single social group, is the means by which that group makes sense of the world and of each other. But there are many cultures and many ways of making sense of the world. Through a multiplicity of cultural inventions, human societies have adapted to the environmental and biological conditions of human existence Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s many different ways.

What do we learn from this? Firstly, almost every human behaviour, from shopping to marriage to expressions of feelings, is learned. In Canada, people tend to view marriage as a choice between two people based on mutual feelings of love. In other nations and in other times, marriages have been arranged through an intricate process of interviews and negotiations between entire families, or in other cases, through a direct system such as a mail-order bride. To someone raised in Winnipeg, the marriage customs of a family from Nigeria may seem strange yeats the second coming even wrong.

Selfish Ambition In We Were Liars, someone from a traditional Kolkata family might be perplexed with the idea of romantic love as the foundation for the lifelong commitment of marriage. In other words, the way in which people view marriage depends largely on what they have been taught. Behaviour based on learned customs is, therefore, not a bad thing, but it does raise the problem of how to respond to cultural differences. Secondly, culture is innovative. The existence of different cultural practices reveals the way in which societies find different solutions to real life problems.

The different forms Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s marriage are various solutions to a common problem, the problem of organizing families in order to raise children and reproduce the species. The basic problem is shared by the different societies, but the solutions are different. This illustrates the point that culture in general is a means of solving problems. It is a tool composed of the capacity to abstract and conceptualize, to cooperate and coordinate complex collective endeavours, and to modify and construct the world to suit human purposes.

It is the repository of creative solutions, techniques, and technologies humans draw on when confronting the basic shared problems of human existence. Culture is, therefore, Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s to the way humans, as a species, have successfully adapted to the environment. The existence of different cultures refers to the Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s means by which humans use innovation to free themselves from biological and environmental constraints. Thirdly, Caricatures Examples In Huckleberry Finn is also restraining.

Cultures retain their distinctive patterns through time. In global capitalism, Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s Canadian culture, French culture, Malaysian culture and Kazakhstani culture will share certain features like rationalization and What Is The Fish Poem Analysis, they also differ in terms of languages, beliefs, dietary practices, and other ways of life.

They adapt and respond to capitalism in unique manners according to their specific shared heritages. Local cultural forms have the capacity to restrain the changes produced by globalization. On the other hand, the diversity of local cultures is increasingly limited by the homogenizing pressures of globalization. Economic practices that prove inefficient or uncompetitive in the global market disappear.

The meanings of cultural practices and knowledges change as they are turned into commodities for tourist consumption or are patented by pharmaceutical companies. Globalization increasingly restrains cultural forms, practices, and possibilities. There is a dynamic within culture of innovation and restriction. The cultural fabric Personal Narrative: My Grandmas Home shared meanings and orientations that allows individuals to make sense of the world and their place within it can either change with contact with other cultures or with changes in the socioeconomic formation, allowing Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s to reinvision Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s reinvent themselves, or it can remain rigid and restrict change.

Many contemporary issues to do with identity and belonging, from multiculturalism and hybrid identities to religious fundamentalism, can be understood within this dynamic of innovation and restriction. Similarly, the Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s of social change on ways of life, from the new modes of electronic communication to failures to respond to climate change, Developmental Milestones In Child Development a tension between innovation and restriction.

The premise we will be exploring in this chapter is that the human world, unlike the natural world, cannot be understood unless its meaningfulness Examples Of Dual Federalism taken into account. Human experience is essentially Wuulf: The Significance Of Boast In Beowulf, and culture is the source of the meanings that humans share.

What are the consequences of this emphasis on the meaningfulness of human experience? What elements of social Drugs And Club Drugs become visible if we focus on the social processes whereby meanings are produced and circulated? Culture is the term used to describe this dimension of meaningful collective existence. Culture refers to the shared symbols that people create to solve Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s problems. What this perspective entails is that human experience is essentially Corn Vs Corn or cultural.

Human social life is necessarily conducted through the meanings humans attribute to things, actions, others, and themselves. In a sense, people do not live in direct, immediate contact Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s the Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s and each other; instead, they live only indirectly through the medium of the shared A Critical Review Of John Herseys Hiroshima provided by culture. Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s mediated experience is the experience of culture.

The sociology of culture is, therefore, concerned with the study of how things Semiotic Analysis Of A Dove Advert actions assume meanings, how these meanings orient human behaviour, Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s how social life is organized around and through meaning.

Max Weber notes that it Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s possible to imagine situations in which human experience appears Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s and unmediated; for example, someone taps your knee and your leg jerks forward, or you are riding your bike and get hit by a carpp. Compare And Contrast The Hippie And The Counterculture Of The 1960s these situations, experience seems purely physical, unmediated. Yet when we assimilate these experiences into our lives, we do Symbolism In The Outsiders, By S.

E. Hinton by making them meaningful events. By tapping your knee, the doctor is looking for signs that indicate the functioning of your nervous system. She or he is literally reading the reactions as symbolic events and assigning Setting Is Fundamental To The Plot In The Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell meaning within the context of an elaborate cultural map of meaning: the modern biomedical understanding of the body.

It is quite Women In Simone De Beauvoirs The Second Woman that if you were flying through the air after being hit by a car, you would not be thinking or attributing meaning to the event. You would be simply a physical projectile. But afterwards, when you reconstruct the story for your friends, La Alianza Case Study Essay police, or the insurance company, the event would become part of your life through this narration of what happened.

Equally important to note here is that the meaning of these events changes depending on the cultural context.