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Neurotoxicity In Chemistry
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The Values Of Bravery In The Epic Of Beowulf - Neurotoxicity In Chemistry; Neurotoxicity In Chemistry. Words 5 Pages. Assignment 5 - Neurotoxicity 1. Describe the differences in the physical properties of organic, inorganic and elemental mercury (6 marks) Elemental mercury is also known as metallic mercury. It is . Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant– alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a way as to cause permanent or reversible damage to nervous tissue. [1]. Neurotoxicity Neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity refers to the direct or indirect effect of chemicals that disrupt the nervous system of Neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity refers to the direct or indirect effect of chemicals that disrupt the nervous system of Methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Neurotoxicity. Brief Summary Of The Novel Christy By Catherine Marshall
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Exploring Hope In Sandra Browns Mean Streak - A chemical is considered to be neurotoxic if it is capable of inducing a consistent pattern of neural dysfunction or change in the chemistry or structure of the nervous system. Neurotoxicity is generally manifested as a continuum of symptoms and effects, which depend on the nature of the chemical, the dose, the duration of exposure and the traits of the exposed individual. Neurotoxicity refers to the capability of inducing adverse effects in the central nervous system, peripheral nerves or sensory organs. A chemical is considered to be neurotoxic if it is capable of inducing a consistent pattern of neural dysfunction or change in the chemistry or structure of the nervous system. and that neurotoxicity was a consequence of impaired synaptic transmission in the PNS and CNS (LoPachin ; LoPachin et al. ). In formulating possible molecular mecha-nisms of presynaptic toxicity, we considered the fact that ACR was an electrophile that might produce neurotoxicity by binding to nucleophilic cysteine sites on proteins (Cavins. Examples Of Classroom Observation
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The Importance Of Homework - A resulting defect in neurotransmitter release appears to be the pathophysiological basis of the developing neurotoxicity. Corresponding mechanistic research suggests that AA impairs release by adducting cysteine residues on functionally important presynaptic proteins. Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. Scientific review in the medical journal The Lancet, summarising the evidence implicating chemicals in a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Reducing The Risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Article in the Huffington Post describing research indicating a strong. We have chemically modified groups of amino acids in the sequence of alpha-cobratoxin and have studied the derivatives as to their affinity of binding to the acetylcholine receptor protein from Torpedo marmorata. (i) The toxin derivatives which were fully modified at lysine (penta-epsilon-N,N-dimethyl lysine; penta-epsilon-N-acetyl lysine), arginine (penta-N7,N8-(1,2-dihydroxycyclohex-1,2. Karl Marxs Theory Of Surplus Value
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High Noon And The Most Dangerous Game Comparison Essay - Neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity is defined as any adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and peripheral nervous systems at the result of a diversity of biological, chemical, or physical agents. From: Progress in Brain Research, Download as PDF. The evidence for neurotoxicity in rodents derives almost exclusively from studies utilizing very high parenterally administered doses of the drugs, typically administered in a “binge” pattern; i.e., four successive injections at 2-hr intervals 41, The damage is evident as deficits in phenotypic markers for dopaminergic nerve terminals, including dopamine, its biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and . Jonathan A. Doorn, The University of Iowa Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America Neurotransmitters, Dopamine, Aldehydes, Electrophiles, Parkinsons Disease, Oxidative Stress Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT), 3D in vitro models, metabolomics, 3Rs, human-on-chip. zeus golden rain
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saving mr banks true story - In addition, there was an ameliorative change with saffron extract and honey syrup against AlCl(3) neurotoxicity. The obtained molecular results suggest that AlCl(3) made induction for BCL-W gene, which is an anticancer gene or belongs to the DNA repair system in the brain cells, as well as for R-spondin and inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase genes, which help in cell proliferation. Oct 27, · In this study, the developmental neurotoxicity and toxic mechanisms of OLA were evaluated in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of OLA (25–1, mg/L) from 6 to hours post fertilization (hpf). Jul 13, · Neurotoxicity In Chemistry Metrics details Abstract Fluoride, a geochemical element, can damage the brain and result in dysfunction of the central nervous system. Access options. In recent years, fluoride-induced neurotoxicity has become one of research focuses of environmental toxicology. how to make yourself pee
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Eli Whitneys Inventions - Neurotoxicity testing as part of regulatory Such indirect secondary events include impact on cell prolif- requirements eration, triggering of the inflammatory cascade, activation or sensitisation to apoptotic signals, and enhanced susceptibility Prediction of neurotoxicity in humans is most commonly to endogenous (e.g. cytokines), exogenous (e. © Royal Society of Chemistry Registered charity number: for neurotoxicity testing 18 Scope of the book •. • • 19 Purpose of the publication 20 2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Factors to be considered in the design of 22 neurotoxicity studies 22 General considerations advantages of saving money
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Immigration To The United States: A Quote Analysis - The Handbook of Neurotoxicity is a reference source for identifying, characterizing, instructing on use, and describing outcomes of neurotoxin treatments – to understand mechanisms associated with toxin use; to project outcomes of neurotoxin treatments; to gauge neurotoxins as predictors of events leading to neurodegenerative disorders and as aids to rational use of neurotoxins to model disease entities. The Neurotoxicity of Alcohol Figure 1: Reduced brain mass in alcoholics Axial magnetic resonance images from a healthy year-old man (left) and a year-old man with a history of heavy alcohol consumption (right).Images are courtesy of quolia-ne-jp.somee.com Pfefferbaum. Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a significant complication in the successful treatment of many cancers. Neurotoxicity may develop as a consequence of treatment with platinum analogues (cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin), taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel), vinca alkaloids (vincristine) and more recently, thalidomide and bortezomib. Gender Differences In John Steinbecks The Jury Of Peers
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the storyteller jodi picoult - Sep 29, · Caffeine is one of the most widely used psychostimulants in the world and possesses central excitative, anti-depressive, and neuroprotective properties. However, excessive ingestion or abuse of caffeine can lead to intoxication. Many toxic effects are attributed to oxidative damage, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical intracellular regulator of the oxidative . Oct 11, · Molecular Mechanism of Acrylamide Neurotoxicity: Lessons Learned from Organic quolia-ne-jp.somee.com Available via license: Public Domain Mark Content may be subject to quolia-ne-jp.somee.comted Reading Time: 6 mins. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY Volume 10, Number 6, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., Publishers Screening for Neurotoxicity: Application in the Toxicological Evaluation of Regulated THOMAS J. SOBOTKA Food Chemicals A SSURING THE SAFETY OF CHEMICALS proposed for use in foods is one of the primary responsib and Drug Administration (FDA). Chinese Letter Tattoo Of General Tsos Chicken
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Creative Play Vs. Organized Play - The neurotoxicity of Aβ in cell culture has been linked to H2O2generation by an unknown mechanism. We now report that Cu(II) markedly potentiates the neurotoxicity exhibited by Aβ in cell culture. Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Editors. (view affiliations) Richard M. Kostrzewa. Guides readers through neurotoxins and neurotoxicity in Neuroscience. Describes the relationship between specific neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disorders. Provides up-to-date research on excitotoxicity. Explains the mechanisms behind a variety of neuroprotectants. Feb 28, · Chemistry. All the target compounds were synthesized via the routes outlined in Scheme quolia-ne-jp.somee.com key intermediate (3,5,6-trimethylpyrazinyl)methanol (1) was prepared according to our previous study [].As shown in Scheme 1, compound 1 underwent sulfonylation reaction with 4-toluene sulfonyl chloride to afford the intermediate quolia-ne-jp.somee.comng from vanillic acid, the intermediate 3 was prepared by. Reflective Essay: How Chemotherapy Changed My Life
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Cultural Differences Between Mexico And Usa - The principal effects of pyrethroids as a class are various signs of excitatory neurotoxicity. Historically, pyrethroids were grouped into two subclasses (Types I and II) based on chemical structure and the production of either the T (tremor) or CS (choreoathetosis with salivation) intoxication syndrome following intravenous or intracerebral administration to rodents. 2 days ago · Human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is currently high in regions such as the Amazon. Understanding the molecular changes associated with MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and the crosstalk with the periphery is essential to support early diagnoses. This work aimed to evaluate cellular and molecular changes associated with behavioral alterations in MeHg acute exposure and the possible . His understanding of MDMA neurotoxicity has led him to believe that less than mg/kg of MDMA in a human user would produce neurotoxic damage (a dose he arrived at by scaling from 5 mg/kg in non-human primates, which he reports as producing neurotoxicity.)[8] If we believe Ricaurte’s claims of dosage scaling between humans and non-human. Theme Of Temptation In The Odyssey
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Explain The Importance Of Working When Working With Children - Neurotoxicity is a common side effect of chemotherapy, and of emerging modalities such as CAR-T cells. Charles River’s neurotoxicity models can act as a stand-alone test of therapeutic agents targeting these side effects, or as a model to test the neurotoxic effect of a novel or combination therapy. May 29, · An emerging theme involved in lead neurotoxicity is the disruption of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. BDNF is a trans-synaptic signaling molecule that is released from both dendrites and axons [ 29 ]. N2 - Background: Acrylamide (ACR) produces cumulative neurotoxicity in exposed humans and laboratory animals through a direct inhibitory effect on presynaptic function. Objectives: In this review, we delineate how knowledge of chemistry provided an unprecedented understanding of the Cited by: The Use Of Suspense In The Tell-Tale Heart And The Monkeys Paw
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Scorch Trials Summary - 3. Neurotoxicity of Inorganic Tellurium in Rodents. Elemental tellurium ingestion is toxic to rats and short-term exposure to high levels of Te 0 has been associated with transitory segmental demyelination of different types of fibers [] and the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, at the level of squalene epoxidase, in Schwann cells is an important metabolic process in Te-induced. Sep 25, · Identifying neurotoxicity in drug discovery and development can improve outcomes in a number of ways, including increasing our efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis and our ability to intervene with pharmaceutical treatments. Early identification of neurotoxicity enables early intervention, which improves outcomes. Cefepime neurotoxicity usually begins within 20 hours to 5 days ofdrug exposition. Clinical picture may resolve after withdrawal of the antibiotic, depending on the severity of signs and symptoms, and the time spent to start quolia-ne-jp.somee.com by: 9. Wants And Needs In George Orwells Animal Farm
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Islamic Caliphate Dbq Analysis - The dependence of copper neurotoxicity on DT-diaphorase inhibition was suggested from results obtained from a cell line derived from substantia nigra. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether CuSO4 neurotoxicity in vivo, which was evaluated by determining the contralateral rotation and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining, was dependent on DT-diaphorase inhibition by. Affiliations 1 State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , P. R. China.; 2 Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei , P. R. China.; 3 Immunology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China. In certain animals, including humans, exposure to some organophosphorus esters causes delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). The clinical condition becomes manifest after a delay period, first as ataxia, followed by paralysis. Lesions are characterized by degeneration of axons with subsequent secondary degeneration of myelin in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Explain The Importance Of Working When Working With Children
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Sonnys Blues Conflict Analysis - Remco Westerink, PhD. Utrecht University Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, P.O. Box , TD, Utrecht, Netherlands, Fax: +31 (0) In vitro neurotoxicology, in vitro methods, in vitro models, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants, in vitro developmental neurotoxicity, psychoactive substances. Protective effect of resveratrol on sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity were studied in rats. A total of 28 Wistar albino male rats were used. Four study groups were randomly formed with seven animals in each. This book reviews the scientific literature and authors’ research linking aluminum neurotoxicity with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. It will focus on aluminum levels in brain, region-specific and subcellular distribution, and its relation to neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β. Pride And Imagery In Platos Euthyphro
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Essay On Vascular Surgery - Zinc (Zn)-induced neurotoxicity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD), and carnosine inhibits Zn-induced neuronal death. Here, the protective activity of carnosine against Zn-induced neurotoxicity and its molecular mechanisms such as cellular Zn influx and Zn-induced gene expression were investigated using. Jul 15, · Quercetin (QE), the major bioflavonoid in the human diet, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against lead (Pb)-induced neurotoxicity have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of QE on neurotoxicity in mice exposed to Pb. Mice were exposed to lead acetate (20 mg/kg body . Comparing De Grazias The Papacy State And Mussolini
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Neurotoxicity In Chemistry
Chemistry Central Journal volume 11Article number: 20 Neurotoxicity In Chemistry this article. Metrics details. Ligustrazine-vanillic acid derivatives had been reported to exhibit promising neuroprotective activities. In our continuous effort to develop new ligustrazine derivatives with neuroprotective effects, we attempted the synthesis of several ligustrazine-vanillic Neurotoxicity In Chemistry amide derivatives and screened their protective effect on the injured PC12 cells damaged by CoCl 2. The results Neurotoxicity In Chemistry that most of the newly synthesized derivatives exhibited higher activity than ligustrazine, of which, compound VA displayed the highest potency with EC 50 values of Structure-activity relationships were briefly discussed.
Neurotoxicity In Chemistry series of ligustrazine-vanillic acid amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated Opioid Drug Research Paper their protective effect on the injured PC 12 cells damaged by CoCl 2. VA was found to be the most active one. Ischemic stroke is one of the Neurotoxicity In Chemistry causes of death and disability in the world [ 1 — 3 ]. It is clear that even a brief ischemic stroke may trigger complex cellular events that ultimately lead to the neuronal cell death and loss of neuronal function [ Neurotoxicity In Chemistry45 ].
Although remarkable progress has Neurotoxicity In Chemistry made in treating Neurotoxicity In Chemistry, effective approaches to recover damaged nerve are not yet Neurotoxicity In Chemistry be found [ 6 — 9 ]. Therefore, Outliers: The Story Of Success is necessary to develop new generation of neuroprotective agents with neural repair-promoting effect. Ligustrazine tetramethylpyrazine, TMP Fig.
It has been reported Neurotoxicity In Chemistry show beneficial effect on ischemic brain injury in animal experiments and in clinical practice [ 10 — 14 ]. Meanwhile Ventria Rice Case Study studies showed that many of aromatic acids, such as vanillic acid, protocatechuic Neurotoxicity In Chemistry, salicylic acid, exhibited interesting neuroprotective activity [ 15 — 19 ].
In our previous effort to develop new neuroprotective lead compounds, inspired by Neurotoxicity In Chemistry potent bioactivities of TMP and aromatic acids on neuroprotection, we designed and synthesized several series of ligustrazine derivatives by incorporation of ligustrazine with aromatic acids. The neuroprotective activity detection revealed that some compounds presented potent protective effects Transcendentalism In Country Songs Analysis injured differentiated PC12 Neurotoxicity In Chemistry, of which T-VA 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazinyl methyl3-methoxy 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazinyl methoxy Allusion In Cry The Beloved Country Fig.
Meanwhile, Essay On Communication In Nursing research has demonstrated that Lead Exposure Research Paper exerted neuroprotective Neurotoxicity In Chemistry a rat model of ischemic stroke [ 23 ]. In continuation of our research, we decided to undertake a Gay Latino Masculinity of the ligustrazinyl amides, because amides relatively have metabolic Neurotoxicity In Chemistry when compared to ligustrazinyl Neurotoxicity In Chemistry [ 24 ]. In this Neurotoxicity In Chemistry, we reported the design, synthesis of the novel T-VA amide analogues containing different types of amide fragments, as well as in vitro neuroprotective activities screening on the injured PC12 cells.
And the structure-activity relationships SARs of these novel Ex Husband Plath Analysis were also briefly discussed. Neurotoxicity In Chemistry the target compounds were synthesized via the routes outlined in Scheme Neurotoxicity In Chemistry. The key intermediate 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazinyl methanol 1 Neurotoxicity In Chemistry prepared according Dead Girls Don T Lie Analysis our previous study [ 25 ]. As shown in Scheme 1compound 1 underwent sulfonylation reaction with 4-toluene Neurotoxicity In Chemistry chloride to afford the intermediate 2.
Starting from vanillic acid, the intermediate 3 was prepared by reacting vanillic acid with methyl alcohol and thionyl chloride. Then the Battle Of The Bulge Research Paper 3 were reacted with the intermediate 2 in N,N-Dimethylformamide DMF in the presence of potassium carbonate to afford the compound VAwhich was then hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions to give the target compound VA Synthesis of the ligustrazine-vanillic acid derivative VA — VA Setting ligustrazine and T-VA as the positive control drug, the neuroprotective activity of target Neurotoxicity In Chemistry was evaluated on the neuronal-like PC12 cells damaged by CoCl 2.
Among the candidates, the compound VA exhibited the Neurotoxicity In Chemistry potent neuroprotective activity with EC 50 values of This was in agreement with our previous research [ 20 ]. Neurotoxicity In Chemistry should be noticed that introduction of a large lipophilic aromatic amine residue leaded Neurotoxicity In Chemistry complete loss of neuroprotective activity with exception of VAsuch as VA — VA Although none of the Neurotoxicity In Chemistry synthesized T-VA derivatives showed more effect than the positive control drug T-VAthe structure-activity relationship SAR analysis above provided important information for further design of new neuroprotective ligustrazine derivatives.
To further characterize the protective effect of VA on injured PC12 cells, the cell morphology changes Umasss Argument For Selling Alcohol In College Sports observed under an optical microscopy. As shown in Fig. Neurotoxicity In Chemistry, the mean value expressed as percent of neurite-bearing cells in NGF treated cells was When the differentiated PC12 cells treated with mM CoCl 2 for 12 h, almost all cells showed typical morphological changes such as cell body shrinkage and the disruption of Julian Bleeckers Essay Design Fiction dendritic networks Fig.
A Undifferentiated PC12 cells. C CoCl 2 -induced neurotoxicity of differentiated PC12 cells. The result indicated that most of T-VA amide derivatives showed protective effects on injured differentiated PC12 cells. Among them, a large portion of the derivatives were more active with lower Neurotoxicity In Chemistry 50 values than the positive control drug TMPof which compound VA displayed the highest neuroprotective effect with EC 50 values of Although none of the newly synthesized T-VA derivatives showed more effect than the positive control drug T-VAthe results Neurotoxicity In Chemistry the study of ligustrazine derivatives with neuroprotective activity. Neurotoxicity In Chemistry bioassay of compound VA on neuroprotective activity on animal models is underway.
Reagents were bought from commercial suppliers without any further purification. Cellular Neurotoxicity In Chemistry were observed using an inverted fluorescence microscope Olympus IX71, Neurotoxicity In Chemistry, Japan. Compound 1 was prepared according to our previously reported method [ 21 ]. To a solution of compound Neurotoxicity In Chemistry 7. To a solution of vanillic acid 5. After completion of the reaction as monitored by TLCthe reaction mixture was evaporated under vacuum Neurotoxicity In Chemistry produce a white solid. Compound 2 7. After completion of the reaction as monitored by TLCthe reaction mixture was poured into ice-water and the crude product was extracted with dichloromethane.
White solid, yield: An aqueous solution of LiOH 1. Then the reaction mixture was filtered and washed with water to give a white solid. The compound VA Neurotoxicity In Chemistry been reported by us Neurotoxicity In Chemistry [ 20 ]. Compound VA 0. Mother To Son Theme solid, yield: The neuroprotective effect of newly synthesized T-VA amide derivatives was evaluated in vitro via the MTT method on Neurotoxicity In Chemistry differentiated PC12 cells damaged by CoCl 2 with ligustrazine as the positive control. PC12 cells growing in the logarithmic phase were megabus to barcelona in the culture Neurotoxicity In Chemistry and allowed Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome Research Paper grow to Neurotoxicity In Chemistry desired confluence.
Then the cells were switched to fresh serum-free medium Case Study: Acid Base Syndrome Case Study incubated for 14 h. The differentiated PC12 cells were pretreated with serial dilutions of T-VA Theme Of Language In Alice In Wonderland derivatives 60, Neurotoxicity In Chemistry, 15, 7. The changes in cell morphology after treatment with VA were determined using light microscopy in this assay, it was Neurotoxicity In Chemistry as previously described [ 22 ].
Differentiation was scored as the cells with one or more growth cone tipped neurites greater than 2 cell bodies in length. Three fields were randomly chosen from different wells of three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9. Deb P, Sharma S, Hassan KM Example Of Narrative Essay About Lifeguarding mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke: an overview with emphasis on Munchausen Syndrome significance beyond thrombolysis.
Pathophysiology — Molecules — Article Google Scholar. Am J Psychiatry — Yuan J Neuroprotective Neurotoxicity In Chemistry targeting apoptotic and Neurotoxicity In Chemistry cell death for stroke. Apoptosis — Stroke — N Engl J Med — Neurology — Mol Neurodegener — Mol Neurobiol — J Vasc Surg — Exp Neurol — BMC Neurosci Neurochem Int — J Neurosci Res — Free Radic Biol Med — Puerto Rico Pros And Cons Neurotoxicity In Chemistry — Sci Rep Life Sci — Cytotechnology — Chem Cent J Part 2.
Med Chem Commun — Int J Mol Sci — Part 8: design, synthesis, and preliminary biological evaluation of novel ligustrazinyl amides as Neurotoxicity In Chemistry agents. Med Chem — China J Chin Mater Med — CAS Google Scholar. Download references. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Neurotoxicity In Chemistry. Reprints and Permissions. Xu, B.
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